crude cotton seed oil refined making equipment in venezuela

                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
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  • Will PDVSA reanimate Venezuela's motor fuel production?
  • (Reuters, 8.Jul.2021) ¡ª Venezuela¡¯s state-run oil company PDVSA has started producing two upgraded crude grades for domestic refining, aiming at reanimating the country¡¯s much-needed output of motor fuels, according to a company document and sources close the decision.
  • Is Venezuela's crude oil production on a downtrend?
  • Venezuelan crude oil production has been on a downtrend for years. This is true across all crude grades, but from a composition standpoint, the heavies and extra heavies now make up over 71% of total Venezuelan crudes compared to sub 60% in 2013. In other words, the type of barrel produced is heavier than in the past.
  • What type of barrel is produced in Venezuela?
  • The type of barrel produced in Venezuela has been getting heavier over time... Venezuelan crude oil production has been on a downtrend for years. This is true across all crude grades, but from a composition standpoint, the heavies and extra heavies now make up over 71% of total Venezuelan crudes compared to sub 60% in 2013.
  • Where does Venezuela's oil come from?
  • Most of Venezuela's proven oil reserves are extra-heavy crude oil from the Orinoco Belt. The extraction of extra-heavy crude oil requires a higher level of technical expertise, which international oil companies possess but their involvement has been limited by international sanctions.
  • Does Venezuela have oil-for-loans?
  • Since the 2019 sanctions, a significant portion of Venezuela¡¯s crude oil exports have been part of oil-for-loans arrangements, which are debt repayments rather than PDVSA receiving actual payments for crude oil deliveries.
  • Will Chevron be able to produce crude oil in Venezuela?
  • Much of Venezuela's crude oil production capacity and infrastructure have suffered from a decade-long lack of capital and regular maintenance. Chevron's earlier exemption increased its production to 135,000 barrels per day (b/d) in 2023, and we expect Chevron's output in Venezuela to reach 200,000 b/d by the end of 2024.