vegetable oil refining how to make biodiesel from plant s in Jordan

                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
                                               
                                               
                                               
                                               
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  •                                        
  • How is biodiesel made?
  • Considerable research has been done on biodiesel made from virgin vegetable oils (e.g., soybean oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil) using alkali catalysts. The majority of biodiesel today is produced by alkali-catalyzed (e.g., NaOH, KOH) transesterification with methanol, which results in a relatively short reaction time .
  • What happens in a biodiesel refinery?
  • The refinery process results in edible oil as the main product and several by-products (waste vegetable oils) containing primarily TAGs and/or FFAs, which can be used as raw materials for biodiesel production. At first, phospholipids (gums ) are removed by the degumming process, the obtained so-called oil sediments .
  • Can vegetable oil be used for biodiesel production?
  • However, using vegetable oil for biodiesel production significantly challenges the food security. Progress in metabolic engineering, understanding of lipid biosynthesis and storage have enabled engineering of vegetative tissues of plants such as sugarcane, sorghum, and tobacco for lipid production.
  • Could oily feedstocks be used for biodiesel production?
  • As a consequence, attention of the researchers is significantly turned to examining possibilities of new and cheaper oily feedstocks for biodiesel production, such as waste oily by-products from edible oil refinery (called here waste vegetable oils), waste animal fats (WAFs), waste cooking oils (WCOs ), and nonedible oils.
  • What are biochemical routes to biodiesel production?
  • New biochemical routes to biodiesel production, based on the use of enzymes, have become very interesting [6, 9, 18, 27, 33, 37, 39]. Most of the articles published have used a variety of substrates such as rice bran oil, canola, sunflower oil, soybean oil, olive oil, and castor oil.
  • How can biodiesel be produced from oleaginous matter?
  • Oil and lipid could be obtained from a variety of feedstocks: plant seed/kernel, animal body fat, microorganisms (algae, fungi, bacteria), and waste cooking/frying oil. The two major approaches for biodiesel production from oleaginous matter are catalytic transesterification and supercritical transesterification (Helwani et al. 2009a ).